{"id":1816,"date":"2018-11-13T11:10:18","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T10:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xarcom.net\/blog\/?p=1816"},"modified":"2024-06-06T00:49:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T23:49:59","slug":"comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/","title":{"rendered":"Comandos IPTABLES para CentOS y Plesk Onyx"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Objetivo:<\/strong>\u00a0A veces nos encontramos en la situaci\u00f3n de tener que bloquear \/ banear algunas direcciones IPs que constantemente est\u00e1n atacando a nuestros sistemas, para ello, vamos a aprender a utilizar los comandos IPTABLES. IPTABLES es un cortafuegos (firewall) que nos permite decidir qu\u00e9 pasa las barreras hacia el contenido del servidor y qu\u00e9 no. Imaginaos que es un portero de discoteca, \u00e9l decide qui\u00e9n entra y qui\u00e9n no.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Os dejo un breve resumen de los par\u00e1metros que vamos a poner en pr\u00e1ctica:<\/p>

  • INPUT<\/strong>\u00a0: Con input nos referimos a todo lo que llega a la puerta del firewall, no que cruza el servidor, lo que se queda a las puertas.<\/li>
  • DROP<\/strong>\u00a0: Drop lo utilizamos para rechazar los paquetes que no queramos que crucen.<\/li>
  • -A<\/strong>\u00a0: Este comando se utiliza para a\u00f1adir reglas nuevas.<\/li>
  • -D<\/strong>\u00a0: Este comando se utiliza para eliminar una regla en particular:<\/li>
  • -s<\/strong>\u00a0: Establece el origen del paquete (la IP de origen).<\/li>
  • -j<\/strong>\u00a0: Cuando llega un paquete y \u00e9ste coincide con una regla en particular, salta al destino especificado, que en nuestro caso ser\u00e1 un DROP.<\/li>
  • grep:\u00a0<\/b>Encuentra coincidencias con los par\u00e1metros que tu le digas, en nuestro caso con la IP especificada.<\/li><\/ul>

    \u00a0<\/p>

    1. Lo primero que vamos a hacer es a comprobar si la IP que queremos banear ya est\u00e1 introducida en el firewall. Para ello vamos a hacer una b\u00fasqueda utilizando grep.
      • El comando es el siguiente: iptables -s | grep 54.39.190.88 (en nuestro caso, ten\u00e9is que poner la IP que necesiteis)<\/li>
      • Si no devuelve ninguna linea, significa que la IP no est\u00e1 en el firewall, por lo tanto no tiene ning\u00fan tipo de restricci\u00f3n. Como es el caso:\"\"<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
      • Ahora vamos a proceder a a\u00f1adir la IP que queremos bloquear.
        • El comando que vamos a utilizar es el siguiente: iptables -A INPUT -s 54.39.190.88 -j DROP\u00a0 (en nuestro caso, ten\u00e9is que poner la IP que necesiteis)\"\"<\/li>
        • Y ahora volvemos a comprobar si se ha a\u00f1adido correctamente al firewall. Y, como veremos, se ha a\u00f1adido correctamente.\"\"<\/li><\/ul><\/li>
        • Pongamos que ahora queremos quitar la IP del firewall, o porqu\u00e9 nos hemos equivocado, o porque no deber\u00eda estar ah\u00ed.
          • Pues vamos a quitarla utilizando el siguiente comando: iptables -D INPUT 54.39.190.88 -j DROP\"\"<\/li>
          • Y si volvemos a comprobar si lo tenemos en el firewall, veremos que ya no lo encontramos<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>

            \"\"<\/p>

            \u00a0<\/p>

            Plesk Onyx:<\/strong><\/p>

            Igual alg\u00fan d\u00eda no tenemos acceso al backend de nuestro plesk y necesitamos ver si Fail2Ban tiene enganchada alguna IP. Para ello tenemos el siguiente comando, que nos dar\u00e1 el listado de todas las IPs bloquadas por le f2b de Plesk:<\/p>

            • iptables -S |grep f2b| grep -oE \u00ab\\b([0-9]{1,3}\\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}\\b\u00bb<\/li><\/ul>

              \"\"<\/p>

              \u00a0<\/p>

              \u00a1Y eso es todo! Es bastante basiquito pero siempre viene bien tener una peque\u00f1a referencia para buscar, a\u00f1adir o quitar direcciones IPs del firewall.<\/p>

              Espero que os haya servido de ayuda.<\/p>

              \u00a1\u00a1Nos vemos!!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Objetivo: A veces nos encontramos en la situaci\u00f3n de tener que bloquear \/ banear algunas direcciones IPs que constantemente est\u00e1n atacando a nuestros sistemas, para ello, vamos a aprender a utilizar los comandos IPTABLES. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[170,199,335,446,47,183,318,78,81],"tags":[272,448,202,447,247,148,449,325,253,450,116],"class_list":["post-1816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-centos","category-comandos-linux","category-how-to","category-iptables","category-linux","category-parallel-plesk-linux","category-redes","category-ubuntu","category-utilidades-utilities","tag-centos","tag-cortafuegos","tag-firewall","tag-iptables","tag-linux","tag-networking","tag-plesk-onyx","tag-redes","tag-ubuntu","tag-unix","tag-utilidades"],"yoast_head":"\nComandos IPTABLES para CentOS y Plesk Onyx - XARCOM BLOG<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comandos IPTABLES para CentOS y Plesk Onyx - XARCOM BLOG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Objetivo: A veces nos encontramos en la situaci\u00f3n de tener que bloquear \/ banear algunas direcciones IPs que constantemente est\u00e1n atacando a nuestros sistemas, para ello, vamos a aprender a utilizar los comandos IPTABLES.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"XARCOM BLOG\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-11-13T10:10:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-05T23:49:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Image-4-1.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"XarCom\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"XarCom\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"XarCom\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/#\/schema\/person\/7d4f423ee0738574821bd898993d2136\"},\"headline\":\"Comandos IPTABLES para CentOS y Plesk Onyx\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-11-13T10:10:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-05T23:49:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/\"},\"wordCount\":490,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/index.php\/comandos-basicos-de-iptables-para-centos\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.xarcom.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Image-4-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"CentOS\",\"cortafuegos\",\"Firewall\",\"iptables\",\"Linux\",\"Networking\",\"plesk onyx\",\"redes\",\"Ubuntu\",\"UNIX\",\"Utilidades\"],\"articleSection\":[\"CentOS\",\"Comandos Linux\",\"How to...\",\"iptables\",\"Linux\",\"Parallel Plesk\",\"Redes\",\"Ubuntu\",\"Utilidades - 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